Behaviorism

Relatively Change in Behavior due to the environmental stimulus and response.

Extinction

Associate Bias

Generalization

Stimulus Discrimination

Higher Order conditioning

Sensory Preconditioning

Classical Conditioning

Stimulus

Response

Spontaneous Recovery

Importance of contingency

Operant Conditioning

Stimulus

Response

Reinforcement

Superstitious Behavior

Shaping

Chaining

Extinction

Reinforcement Schedules

Interval Schedules

Learning Theories

Ivan Pavlov

1849-1936

Classical Conditioning

Conditioned Stimulus-Evoke a specific response.
Conditioned Response- Does not occur naturally.
UnConditioned Stimulus- naturally follows a specific stimulus.
UnConditioned Response- naturally evoke a specific response.

B.F. Skinner

1890-1990

Operant Conditioning

Reinforcer must follow the response.
Ideally, the reinforcer should follow immediately.
The reinforcer must be contingent on the response.

Ivan Pavlov

1849-1936

Instructional Theories

Programmed Instruction

Learning is accomplished if

Content is divided into small, and incremental steps.
Learners get immediate feedback, reinforcement and rewards.

Principles

Learners should be active
On the spot feedback and leaners verification
Gradual steps and self-pacing

Principles

Programmed Instruction

Examples

Computer Assisted Instruction

Refers to instructions or remediation presented on a computer.

Principles

Refers to instructions or remediation presented on a computer
Interactive and can illustrate a concept through attractive animation, sound, and demonstration.

Contents are presented in small steps and larger chunks. After, questions are given to test students comprehension and receive immediately the correct answer.

Examples

Teachers direct students to online activity (websites and links) a computer program in a classroom learning center or used as a reward for positive behavior.

Programmed Instruction

Learners should be active
On the spot feedback and leaners verification
Gradual steps and self-pacing

Examples

Mastering Learning

Children can learn when provided with the appropriate conditions in the classroom

Criterion Referend Instruction

A comprehensive set of methods for the design and delivery of training programs.

Principles

Do not focus on content but the process of mastering it.
Achievement is evaluation against common learning standards and performance expectations.

Examples

Principles

Instructional objectives are derived from job performance and reflect the competencies
Students are given opportunities to practice each objective and obtain feedback about the quality of their performance.

Examples

Teachers implement successful tutoring and evaluate with criterion-referenced tests rather than norm-referenced tests.

Examples

Participant having the freedom to choose the order in which they complete the module, provided they satisfied the prerequisite.

BACK

Learning Scenario

Observational Checklist

Reflection